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Facts About Vanity Fair: A Novel Without A Hero

February 18, 2019 By admin Leave a Comment

Vanity Fair Cover

Vanity Fair: A Novel Without A Hero was a very popular novel, written by William Makepeace Thackeray. Thackeray was English writer and this novel was published in 1847 to 1848. Vanity Fear was all about the satirizing of the society that existed in Britain during the early 19th century. William Thackeray got the name for his book from an allegorical story called The Pilgrim’s Progress that was first published in 1678. The author of this story was John Bunyan.

Couple of facts about Vanity Fair:

  • This novel is now considered to be a true classic and has even inspired several film adaptations.
  • Vanity Fair has the honor of being listed on the BBC’s The Big Read poll for the UK’s “best loved novel”.
  • The author of Vanity Fair got the idea to create the novel from reading Pilgrim’s Progress. Pilgrim’s Progress had a town called Vanity in its short story and there was a never-ending fair in this town.
  • The title page for the first edition in book form was drawn by Thackeray himself.
  • When William Thackeray first sent some chapters from his novel for publication, It wasn’t accepted at first by publishers. However, eventually it was published as a chronicle, in which parts of it would be published on a monthly basis starting in mid 1846.
  • Vanity Fair being published as a chronicle proved to be very successful.Thackeray earned a lot from this novel and became a famous.
  • His book didn’t appear in volume format until 1848.
  • The two main characters in the novel titled Vanity Fair are Amelia Sedley and Rebecca (Becky) Sharp.
  • The character of Rebecca (Becky) Sharp is that of an anti-heroine, as opposed to the character of Amelia Sedley. Becky Sharp is considered to be highly intelligent, has a gift for satire, and is able to draw people into her. Amelia Sedley is far from being a conventional heroine type character.She is described as being passive, naive, and someone who does little to help herself.


Vanity Fair is a true classic. It is a classic novel because it entertains, it teachers, and at the very same time has a profound message seldom found among other books in the literary world.

Interesting Facts About the Song ‘Bella Ciao’

February 14, 2019 By admin 3 Comments

Bella Ciao (pronounced “Bella Chow”) is an old folk song that served as an anthem against fascism during World War II from 1843-1945. The song was used by members of the Italian resistance as a symbol of their struggle against the puppet fascist government in Italy and its allies in Nazi Germany.

Although mostly known for being used in World War II, the song has much older origins. Its history traces back to the 19th century, when it was used by oppressed female workers in Northern Italy.

Italian Resistance members during World War II.

The word “Bella” means “pretty or beautiful”, and “Ciao” means “so long”. “Bella Ciao” translates to “Good Bye Beautiful”.

The original writer of the song is unknown.

As the name suggests, the song is in Italian language.

The song was first used in the late 19th century by women in Northern Italy.

These women were called Mondinas(Rice weeders) and they worked in rice-paddy fields.Their job was to plant the rice and remove weeds harming the rice fields.

Mondinas had to bend down to pull out weeds from the rice fields, while standing with their bare feet and knees in the water. They had to do this for several hours. This was a very tiring job and these women belonged to the poorest social classes, which left them with little choice and so they kept working under these inhumane conditions.

Lyrics of Bella Ciao as sung by the Mondinas.

Despite, engaging in this tiring and exhausting job the Mondinas were paid very low wages and since they were poor they had no other choice but to keep working to feed their families.

This often led to riots and rebellions. And since there was an abundance of people ready to work as rice-weeders, workers protesting or demanding for more would be easily replaced by new ones.

‘Bella Ciao’ was sung by these women as an expression of their protest. They used the song as an anthem for their struggle.

The song remained popular with the Mondinas until the early 20th century, when the protests and riots finally paid off and the Mondinas’ demands were met.

This Mondinas’s version of the song had different lyrics than the one used by anti-fascists in Italy.

The song was very popular among Italian Partisans during World War II. During the war, resistance members fought for their freedom against Italian dictator Mussolini’s puppet regime and Nazi Occupation of Italy. The song served as an anthem for their cause.

Lyrics of Bella Ciao as sung by Italian partisans during World War II.

‘Bella Ciao’ was first recorded in audio form by Italian singer Giovanna Daffini in 1962.

Since then it has been recorded in 32 other languages from artists all over the world.

Over the years, Bella Ciao has become more than just a song of resistance. It’s now regarded as an international anthem about freedom and rights of people.

The song is also a very popular among football fans, and has been sung by Italian, Portuguese and most recently by Brazilian fans during the 2018 FIFA World Cup.

It recently regained popularity after it was featured in a Spanish T.V show called Money Heist (La casa de papel).

An artist’s recording of Bella Ciao. This is the Italian Resistance version.
Folk song, Firas Khnaisser, Jawad El Hachem [CC BY 3.0], via Wikimedia Commons


A restaurant in Almería, Spain named Bella Ciao.
Author: Nordentor / (CC BY-SA 4.0)

Facts About Baltic Languages

February 11, 2019 By admin Leave a Comment

Distribution of the Baltic languages

The Baltic language category is a subset of the Indo-European group of languages. These languages are associated with people that live in proximity to the Baltic Sea, which is where they get their name from. There are two types of Baltic languages: the Eastern Baltic languages and the Western Baltic languages. These language groups include dead languages as well as living languages. There is some controversy about whether certain Baltic languages should be categorized as Western or Eastern Baltic languages.

People that are not native speakers of Baltic languages will have many opportunities to learn them. Online language resources for the Latvian and Lithuanian languages are widely available today. Since Latvian and Lithuanian are not as widely spoken as other European languages, translators that specialize in these languages may be comparatively successful within their language niches, particularly if they also know other European languages.

People that are familiar with Slavic languages will have an easier time learning Latvian and Lithuanian than people that are primarily familiar with the Romance languages. While there are fewer opportunities for Latvian or Lithuanian translation than for French or Spanish translation, there are also fewer people involved in the sub-field. They will not face as much competition as translators that specialize in French or Spanish. Most opportunities for language translation call for native speakers, so native Latvian and Lithuanian speakers will be able to capitalize on most opportunities.

An old Prussian manuscript from 1440
PD-old-100

Baltic Language Facts:

  • The most influential Baltic languages in the modern world are Lithuanian and Latvian.
  • The Latvian and Lithuanian languages are both East Baltic languages.
  • Western Baltic languages include Skalvian, Galindian, Sudovian, and Old Prussian.
  • The languages that are categorized as West Baltic languages have very few living speakers.
  • There are about 3.9 million Lithuanian speakers in the modern world.
  • There are as many as 2.5 million speakers of Latvian in the world today.
  • As many as one million ethnic Russian people also speak the Latvian language.
  • The Samogitian language is one of the living Lithuanian dialects.
  • Old Prussian could be regarded as the oldest of all Baltic languages. It currently has no living speakers.
  • People that speak the Latvian language will usually have a hard time understanding the Lithuanian language, even though the two languages have similar origins.
  • There are many similarities between the Slavic and Baltic languages, and some linguists group them together.
  • The Baltic languages began with the Proto-Baltic language, which dates back to before the year 1000 B.C.
  • The exact dawn of Baltic languages is very difficult to pinpoint. Particularly since the point at which one language becomes another is always debatable. However, the oldest written work in a Baltic language that is still available today is from around 1400.

Regardless of its exact history, the Baltic language group is very old and it still continues to have a lot of influence today. Millions of people throughout Europe and beyond speak Baltic languages. With modern globalization trends, it remains to be seen how the Baltic language group will continue to grow and change over time.

Facts About the Flag of the United States

February 10, 2019 By admin Leave a Comment

The United States flag

Americans have been proud of their flag in all of its different designs since the United States of America gained independence from Great Britain in 1783. The flag has changed a few times, mainly as the number of states within the Union increased. Here a few facts about the stars and stripes.

Some facts about the American Flag:

  • The present flag with 50 stars on it was officially adopted on 14 June 1960, soon after Hawaii had become the 50th state. The original American flag had 13 stars as at that point in time there were 13 states.
  • Whenever another state was admitted into the Union another star was added to the federal flag (so in theory if any state left a star would be taken off).
  • Every state is represented by one of the fifty stars.
  • The thirteen red and white stripes are there to remind American citizens of the thirteen British colonies that broke away from the British Empire to form the United States.
  • Old Glory, Stars and Stripes and the Star Spangled Banner are the most frequently used nicknames for the American flag.
  • The current version of the Stars and Stripes was designed by a 18 year old student.He was not paid to redesign it, and his only reward was a B – for his assignment grade.
  • The United States armed forces fold the flag thirteen times .
  • 14th June was the day selected for Americans to have their national flag day.This is the anniversary of the day when the Second Continental Congress approved the design of an American flag.
  • The colors of the flag were carefully selected to have symbolic meaning. Red represents hardiness as well as valor. White symbolizes purity plus innocence. Blue stands for justice, vigilance besides persistence.
  • Belief it or not it is not illegal to burn the flag, as according to the Supreme Court making it so would would become an attack on the right to freedom of speech.

Thus the American flag has a proud history, that is as old as the nation that it represents. It is also one of the most recognized flags across the globe.

Mystery of Isdal Woman: Facts and Info

February 10, 2019 By admin Leave a Comment

An unidentified woman was found dead on 29 November 1970 at Isdalen Valley, in Bergen, Norway. The woman has not been identified to this day and is known as the Isdal Woman. There still remains a great deal of public interest in the case and the events that led to her death.

Auhtor: Kawal preet pu / (CC BY-SA 4.0)

Below are some facts about the case of Isdal Woman:

  • The body was found in a part of Isdalen which was commonly known as ‘Death Valley’. A burned out passport was found next to the body. The official police report concluded that the cause of death was suicide but this was highly controversial. The autopsy showed that the woman had taken a number of sleeping pills and had suffered blunt force trauma to the neck.
  • The woman was naked and her body was partially charred and hidden among some rocks. It was found by a university professor and his two daughters at approximately 13:15.
  • Large amounts of sleeping pills and bottles of petrol were found at the scene. A full scale murder investigation was launched immediately.
  • Composite sketches were produced by the police based on witness descriptions and analysis of the body. The media published these sketches and they were also distributed in several countries by INTERPOL.
  • Police found that the woman had used nine different false identities to travel around Norway and Europe.
  • Witnesses had seen the woman using various wigs and several cryptic diary entries were found in her trunk.
  • The autopsy showed that the woman had undergone dental work that was likely to have been carried out in Latin America.
  • The woman was heard speaking several languages by witnesses: Dutch, English, French and German.
  • The woman had stayed at a number of hotels in Bergen and once she had checked in, she repeatedly asked to swap rooms.
  • Given the details of the case many people believe that she may have been a spy.
  • A local fisherman at the time stated, that he saw an unknown foreigner woman observing military installations in Stavanger.
  • It’s believed her movements corresponded to the secret trials of Norwegian Penguin Missile.
  • At most of the hotels where she stayed she ordered porridge with milk.
  • An Italian photographer had dinner with the woman at Hotel Alexandra in Loen. The woman had told him that she was originally from a small town to the north of Johannesburg in South Africa and that she only had six months to see Norway’s most beautiful places. No further information about the woman’s identity was gained from this line of inquiry.
  • The last sighting of the woman was when she checked out of the Hotel Marin. She paid in cash before asking to be picked up by a taxi. She was described as being a good looking woman aged 30-40 years and approximately 164cm tall.
  • The woman spent a lot of time in her room and was described as being on guard by hotel staff. She was seen to smoke a Norwegian brand of cigarettes.
  • A witness overheard the woman telling someone in German ‘I am coming soon’.
  • A local man reported seeing a woman of foreign appearance who was not dressed for hiking being followed by two men in black coats on 24 November. She looked as if she was about to say something to him but appeared intimidated by the men.
Isdalean Valley in Bergen Norway, where the remains of the mystery woman were found.

This case is now over 40 years old and while it cannot be said that it will definitely not be solved as time passes it becomes more and more unlikely. Whether the case is solved or not it will always remain known as one of Norway’s greatest mysteries.

Facts About Saudi Aramco: The Most Valueable Company in the World

February 7, 2019 By admin Leave a Comment

Saudi Aramco logo
  • Saudi Aramco is the world’s largest oil producer.
  • It is based in Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.
  • It is an internationally known company that markets all over the world while also distributing locally.
  • Saudi Aramco supplies more than ten percent of the world’s global demand for oil.
  • As a company, Saudi Aramco owns a fleet of oil tankers and works with other countries like China, Japan, South Korea, and the U.S., to refine, market, and distribute oil.
  • Saudi Aramco owns the world’s largest oil field named Ghawar Field and Shaybah Field. It has the largest amount of crude oil reserves with more than two hundred and sixty billion barrels and also boasts the largest amount of daily oil production.
  • Saudi Aramco is the world’s most valuable company as its value has been estimated at approximately 1.2 trillion US dollars.
  • Fifty six thousand employees work at Saudi Aramco and it experienced a revenue of over 465 billion dollars in 2012.

Since 1932 when oil was first discovered in Bahrain and then in 1938 when the kingdom’s first commercial oil field was discovered in Dhahran, Saudi Aramco has made it’s presence known in the oil community.

Headquarters of Saudi Aramco in Dharan City, Saudi Arabia
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